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Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 – June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. Arthur had feature roles in three Frank Capra films: ''Mr. Deeds Goes to Town'' (1936), ''You Can't Take It With You'' (1938), and ''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'' (1939), films that championed the "everyday heroine". Arthur was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1944 for her performance in ''The More the Merrier'' (1943). James Harvey wrote in his recounting of the era, "No one was more closely identified with the screwball comedy than Jean Arthur. So much was she part of it, so much was her star personality defined by it, that the screwball style itself seems almost unimaginable without her."〔Harvey 1987, p. 351.〕 She has been called "the quintessential comedic leading lady".〔Osborne, Robert. "Dedication at 17-film salute to Jean Arthur." ''Turner Classic Movies (broadcast)'', January 2007.〕 Her last film performance was the memorable, and distinctly non-comedic, rancher's wife in George Stevens' ''Shane'' in 1953. To the public, Arthur was known as a reclusive woman. News magazine ''Life'' observed in a 1940 article: "Next to Garbo, Jean Arthur is Hollywood's reigning mystery woman."〔Oller 1997, p. 1.〕 As well as recoiling from interviews, she avoided photographers and refused to become a part of any kind of publicity.〔Oller 1997, p. 2.〕 ==Early life== Arthur was born Gladys Georgianna Greene in Plattsburgh, New York to Protestant parents, Johanna Augusta Nelson and Hubert Sidney Greene. Her maternal grandparents were immigrants from Norway〔("Genealogy: Jean Arthur." ) ''Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com,'' August 14, 2010.〕 who settled in the American West; she also had distant ancestors from England. She had three older brothers: Donald Hubert (1891), Robert B. (1892) and Albert Sidney (1894).〔1900 US Census Plattsburgh, New York and 1910 US Census, Cumberland, Maine.〕 She lived off and on in Westbrook, Maine, from 1908 to 1915 while her father worked at Lamson Studios in Portland, Maine, as a photographer. The product of a nomadic childhood, Arthur also lived at times in Jacksonville, Florida; Schenectady, New York; Saranac Lake, New York; and, during a portion of her high school years, in the Washington Heights neighborhood – at 573 West 159th Street – of upper Manhattan. The family's relocation to New York City occurred in 1915, where Arthur dropped out of high school in her junior year due to a "change in family circumstances".〔Oller 1997, p. 34.〕 Presaging many of her later film roles, she worked as a stenographer on Bond Street in lower Manhattan during World War I. Both her father (at age 55, claiming to be 45) and siblings enlisted in the war, after which her brother Albert died as a result of injuries sustained in battle. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean Arthur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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